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Low Noise Millimeter Wave LNA Project
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T05:24:11.000ZThe Phase I effort will result in a low noise MMIC G-Band amplifier the covers the entire 165 to 193GHz frequency range. The amplifier will be designed using a 50nm MHEMT that has already been developed by BAE Systems that enables the state-of-the-art performance to be achieved. The innovative amplifier design will have a gain of 20dB, a noise figure of less than 6dB(~4dB, an input output VSWR of less than 2:1. In addition, the MHEMT has the added advantage of having lower noise power stability and 1/f noise than InP devices. A balanced amplifier is the primary approach while a single ended unit will be investigated for missions that require reduced bandwidths. The MMIC amplifier will be designed to be inserted into a waveguide housing for additional and environmental testing in a Phase II program. At completion of the Phase II program, the amplifier will be capable of being space qualified for NASA missions.
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ATSDR Hazardous Waste Site Polygon Data with CIESIN Modifications, Version 2
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T04:34:05.000ZThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Hazardous Waste Site Polygon Data with CIESIN Modifications, Version 2 is a database providing georeferenced data for 1,572 National Priorities List (NPL) Superfund sites. These were selected from the larger set of the ATSDR Hazardous Waste Site Polygon Data, Version 2 data set with polygons from May 26, 2010. The modified data set contains only sites that have been proposed, currently on, or deleted from the final NPL as of October 25, 2013. Of the 2,080 ATSDR polygons from 2010, 1,575 were NPL sites but three sites were excluded - 2 in the Virgin Islands and 1 in Guam. This data set is modified by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN). The modified polygon database includes all the attributes for these NPL sites provided in the ATSDR GRASP Hazardous Waste Site Polygon database and selected attributes from the EPA List 9 Active CERCLIS sites and SCAP 12 NPL sites databases. These polygons represent sites considered for cleanup under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund). The Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program (GRASP, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) has created site boundary data using the best available information for those sites where health assessments or consultations have been requested.
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SBUV2/NOAA-11 Ozone (O3) Profile and Total Column Ozone Monthly L3 Global 5.0deg Lat Zones V1
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T04:54:41.000ZThe Solar Backscattered Ultra Violet (SBUV) from NOAA-11 Level-3 monthly zonal mean (MZM) product (SBUV2N11L3zm) is derived from the Level-2 retrieved ozone profiles. Ozone retrievals are generated from the v8.6 SBUV algorithm. A Level-3 MZM file computes zonal means covering 5 degree latitude bands for each calendar month. For this product there are 147 months of data from January 1989 through March 2001. There are a total of 36 latitudinal bands, 18 in each hemisphere. Profile data are provided at 21 layers from 1013.25, 639.318, 403.382,254.517, 160.589, 101.325,63.9317, 40.3382, 25.4517, 16.0589, 10.1325, 6.39317,4.03382, 2.54517, 1.60589, 1.01325,0.639317, 0.403382, 0.254517, 0.160589 and 0.101325 hPa (measured at bottom of layer). NOTE: Some profiles have 20 layers and do not report the top most layer. Mixing ratios are reported at 15 layers from 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0 and 50.0 hPa (measured at middle of layer). The MZM product averages retrievals that meet the criteria for a good retrieval as determined by error flags in the Level 2 data. A good retrieval is defined as satisfying the following conditions: 1) Profile Error Flag = 0 or 1 (0 = good retrieval; 1 = solar zenith angle > 84 deg.) 2) Total Error Flags = 0, 1, 2 or 5 (0 = good retrieval; 1 = not used; 2 = solar zenith angle > 84 deg; large discrepancy between profile total and best total ozone) NOTE - Total error flag = 5 is anomalously applied at high latitudes and high solar zenith angle where B-Pair total ozone estimate is not as reliable as profile under these conditions. This error flag may be removed in future version of algorithm. The zonal means computed for each month are screened according to the following statistical criteria: 1) number of good retrievals for the month greater than or equal to 2/3 of the samples for a nominal month. 2) mean latitude of good retrievals less than or equal to 1 degree from center of latitude band. 3) mean time of good retrievals less than or equal to 4 days from center of month (i.e., day = 15)
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Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Hazardous Waste Site Polygon Data, 1996
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-19T07:26:48.000ZThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Hazardous Waste Site Polygon Data, 1996 consists of 2042 polygons for selected hazardous waste sites that were compiled in January 1996. The Hazardous Waste Site ATSDR layer was created by linking HAZ_SITES_ATSDR_BASE with additional data. Most polygons represent sites considered for cleanup under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund). Typical sites are either on the EPA National Priorities List (NPL) or are being considered for inclusion on the NPL. This dataset is distributed by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN). (Suggested Usage: To provide a polygon dataset of hazardous waste sites in the United States, which can be used to identify nearby populations and assess their potential risk)
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Pilot 2006 Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-19T08:35:45.000ZThe Pilot 2006 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) centers on two broad environmental protection objectives: (1) reducing environmental stresses on human health, and (2) promoting ecosystem vitality and sound natural resource management. Derived from a careful review of the environmental literature, these twin goals mirror the priorities expressed by policymakers. Environmental health and ecosystem vitality are gauged using sixteen indicators tracked in six well-established policy categories: Environmental Health, Air Quality, Water Resources, Productive Natural Resources, Biodiversity and Habitat, and Sustainable Energy. The Pilot 2006 EPI utilizes a proximity-to-target methodology focused on a core set of environmental outcomes linked to policy goals for which every government should be held accountable. By identifying specific targets and measuring how close each country comes to them, the EPI provides a factual foundation for policy analysis and a context for evaluating performance. Issue-by-issue and aggregate rankings facilitate cross-country comparisons both globally and within relevant peer groups. The EPI is the result of collaboration among the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy (YCELP), Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), World Economic Forum (WEF), and the Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission.
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Population Exposure Estimates in Proximity to Nuclear Power Plants, Country-Level Aggregates
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T04:36:37.000ZThe Population Exposure Estimates in Proximity to Nuclear Power Plants, Country-Level Aggregates data set consists of country-level estimates of total, urban, and rural populations and land area, country-wide, that are in proximity to a nuclear power plant. This data set was created using a global data set of point locations of nuclear power plants, with buffer zones at 30km, 75km, 150km, 300km, 600km, and 1200km, and the Global Population Count Grid Time Series Estimates, Version 1 to estimate the population within each buffer zone for the years 1990, 2000, and 2010. Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project, Version 1 (GRUMPv1) Land and Geographic Unit Area Grids were used to estimate land area within each buffer zone. The GRUMPv1 Urban Extents Grid was used to further delineate population and land area estimates within urban and rural areas. All grids used for population, land area, and urban mask were of 1 km (30 arc-second) resolution.
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Ultra Low Noise 1.06 Micron Laser Oscillator Project
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T05:29:00.000ZThe Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) demand state-of-the-art ultra-stable and low noise coherent lasers. This is a proposal to develop a space qualified high power, single mode, low noise and narrow linewidth fiber laser based on a"virtual ring" laser cavity at the 1.06 micron spectral band. This novel laser architecture enables traveling-wave oscillation in a compact, linear and all-fiber cavity. This leads to unprecedented low noise and stable laser oscillator. The all fiber device also offers a highly reliable, compact and power conserving solution. We have already demonstrated virtual ring oscillators at the 1.55 micron band that rival the state of the ring laser architecture. In this research we will develop a 1.06 micron laser that can meet or exceed the LISA experiment required laser specifications.
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Photonic antenna enhanced middle wave and longwave infrared focal plane array with low noise and high operating temperature Project
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T05:33:59.000ZPhotodetectors and focal plane arrays (FPAs) covering the middle-wave and longwave infrared (MWIR/LWIR) are of great importance in numerous NASA applications, including earth remote sensing for carbon-based trace gases, Lidar mapping for earth resource locating, and environment and atmosphere monitoring. Existing MWIR/LWIR photodetectors have a low operating temperature of below 77K. The requirement for cryogenic cooling systems adds cost, weight and reliability issues, making it unsuitable for satellite remote sensing applications. This STTR project aims to develop a new plasmonic photonic antenna coupled MWIR/LWIR photodetector and FPA with significantly enhanced performance and a high operating temperature. In Phase I, we developed a preliminary plasmonic photonic antenna enhanced MWIR/LWIR photodetector and demonstrated significant enhancement in photodetectivity and operating temperature. Antenna directivity is also tested and agrees with the simulation. The phase I results not only demonstrated the feasibility of achieving high performance MWIR/LWIR photodetector using the proposed innovation, but also show its promising potentials for high operating temperature FPA development. Motivated by the successful feasibility demonstration and the promising potentials, in this STTR Phase II project, we will develop a prototype of the plasmonic photonic antenna enhanced MWIR/LWIR FPA with a high operating temperature and demonstrate its earth remote sensing capability.
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Low Cost Variable Conductance Heat Pipe for Balloon Payload Project
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T05:08:14.000ZWhile continuously increasing in complexity, the payloads of terrestrial high altitude balloons need a thermal management system to reject their waste heat and to maintain a stable temperature as the air (sink) temperature swings from as cold as -90<SUP>o</SUP>C to as hot as +40<SUP>o</SUP>C. Currently, constant conductance, copper-methanol heat pipes are utilized on balloon payloads to remove the waste heat. It would be desirable to use a Variable Conductance Heat Pipe (VCHP) instead, to allow the thermal resistance to increase under cold operating or cold survival environment conditions, keeping the instrument section warm. In spacecraft, thermal management is achieved using axially-grooved aluminum-ammonia heat pipes and VCHPs, which are relatively expensive to manufacture and validate. Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. (ACT) is proposing a low-cost VCHP based on smooth-bore, thin-wall stainless steel tubing, with either methanol or pentane as working fluids, that is capable of passively maintaining a relatively constant evaporator (payload) temperature while the sink temperature varies between -90<SUP>o</SUP>C and +40<SUP>o</SUP>C. The thin wall will be much lighter and will provide much better temperature control due to its higher thermal resistance, while the combination of working fluid and envelope material result in a heat pipe that is much less expensive to manufacture than standard grooved aluminum heat pipes. Spacecraft VCHPs normally have the gas reservoir at the end of the condenser, and maintain its temperature with electrical heaters. The proposed VCHP moves the reservoir near the evaporator, eliminating the need for electrical power to control the temperature. Preliminary calculations show that either system, methanol based or pentane based, is capable of meeting the thermal performance requirements. For both the pentane and methanol systems, the evaporator (payload) temperature varies less than 6<SUP>o</SUP>C while the heat sink temperature varies from 90<SUP>o</SUP>C to +40<SUP>o</SUP>C.
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Pyramid Comet Sampler Project
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T05:34:48.000ZBased on the sampling requirements, we propose an Inverted Pyramid sampling system. Each face of the pyramid includes a cutting blade which is independently actuated by redundant pyrotechnic actuators. Such sampler shape has a number of advantages. The pyramidal V shape acts as an arrow piercing into the comet surface at a steep angle. The 4 opposing blades offset tangential forces, meaning that only vertical forces would need to be reacted during impact. These forces could be minimized by making the pyramid height low (and in turn the pyramid would be more flat). In the latest Decadal Survey, the committee recommended selecting a Comet Surface Sample Return mission as one of the five New Frontiers 4 (NF4) missions, solidifying the importance of studying returned physical samples from a comet. Lunar South Pole-Aitken Basin Sample Return could also benefit from the development of this sampling approach.