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NEW HORIZONS SDC PLUTO CRUISE RAW V2.0
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2023-01-26T20:54:05.000ZThis data set contains Raw data taken by the New Horizons Student Dust Counter instrument during the pluto cruise mission phase. This is VERSION 2.0 of this data set. SDC collected science data intermittently during the hibernation years following the Jupiter encounter, designated as the PLUTOCRUISE phase. There were also Annual Checkouts (ACOs), STIM calibrations, Noise calibrations, and an anomaly in November, 2007. SDC's main science data collection periods were during hibernation. During ACOs, science data are taken intermittently but the user must be careful in analyzing these data since there is usually more activity on the spacecraft during hibernation. STIM and Noise refer to scheduled calibrations and are done with a regular cadence of one per year after the Jupiter encounter; they occurred sporadically in the early years of the mission. Note that some SDC data files have the same stop and start time and a zero exposure time. The reason for this is that the start and stop time for SDC data files are the event times for the first and last events in the files, so for files that contain a single event, these two values are the same. The changes in Version 2.0 were re-running of the ancillary data in the data product, updated geometry from newer SPICE kernels, minor editing of the documentation, catalogs, etc., and resolution of liens from the December, 2014 review, plus those from the May, 2016 review of the Pluto Encounter data sets. New observations added with this version (V2.0) include ongoing cruise observations from August, 2014 through January, 2015.
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TRMM (TMPA-RT) Near Real-Time Precipitation L3 1 day 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V7 (TRMM_3B42RT_Daily) at GES DISC
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2022-01-17T05:59:46.000ZTMPA (3B42RT_Daily) dataset have been discontinued as of Dec. 31, 2019, and users are strongly encouraged to shift to the successor IMERG dataset (doi: 10.5067/GPM/IMERGDE/DAY/06; 10.5067/GPM/IMERGDL/DAY/06). This daily accumulated precipitation product is generated from the Near Real-Time 3-hourly TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis TMPA (3B42RT). It is produced at the NASA GES DISC, as a value added product. Simple summation of valid retrievals in a grid cell is applied for the data day. The result is given in (mm). Although the grid is from 60S to 60N, the high latitudes (beyond 50S/N) near real-time retrievals are considered very unreliable and thus are screened out from the daily accumulations. The beginning and ending time for every daily granule are listed in the file global attributes, and are taken correspondingly from the first and the last 3-hourly granules participating in the aggregation. Thus the time period covered by one daily granule amounts to 24 hours, which can be inspected in the file global attributes. Counts of valid retrievals for the day are provided for every variable, making it possible to compute conditional and unconditional mean precipitation for grid cells where less than 8 retrievals for the day are available. Efforts have been made to make the format of this derived product as similar as possible to the new Global Precipitation Measurement CF-compliant file format. The latency of this derived daily product is about 7 hours after the UTC day is closed. Users should be mindful that the price for the short latency of these data is the reduced quality as compared to the research quality product. The information provided here on the TRMM mission, and on the original 3-hr 3B42 product, remain relevant for this derived product. Note, however, this product is in netCDF-4 format. The following describes the derivation in more details. The daily accumulation is derived by summing *valid* retrievals in a grid cell for the data day. Since the 3-hourly source data are in mm/hr, a factor of 3 is applied to the sum. Thus, for every grid cell we have Pdaily = 3 * SUM{Pi * 1[Pi valid]}, i=[1,Nf] Pdaily_cnt = SUM{1[Pi valid]} where: Pdaily - Daily accumulation (mm) Pi - 3-hourly input, in (mm/hr) Nf - Number of 3-hourly files per day, Nf=8 1[.] - Indicator function; 1 when Pi is valid, 0 otherwise Pdaily_cnt - Number of valid retrievals in a grid cell per day. Grid cells for which Pdaily_cnt=0, are set to fill value in the Daily files. Note that Pi=0 is a valid value. On occasion, the 3-hourly source data have fill values for Pi in a very few grid cells. The total accumulation for such grid cells is still issued, inspite of the likelihood that thus resulting accumulation has a larger uncertainty in representing the "true" daily total. These events are easily detectable using "counts" variables that contain Pdaily_cnt, whereby users can screen out any grid cells for which Pdaily_cnt less than Nf. There are various ways the accumulated daily error could be estimated from the source 3-hourly error. In this release, the daily error provided in the data files is calculated as follows. First, squared 3-hourly errors are summed, and then square root of the sum is taken. Similarly to the precipitation, a factor of 3 is finally applied: Perr_daily = 3 * { SUM[ (Perr_i * 1[Perr_i valid])^2 ] }^0.5 , i=[1,Nf] Ncnt_err = SUM( 1[Perr_i valid] ) where: Perr_daily - Magnitude of the daily accumulated error power, (mm) Ncnt_err - The counts for the error variable Thus computed Perr_daily represents the worst case scenario that assumes the error in the 3-hourly source data, which is given in mm/hr, is accumulating within the 3-hourly period of the source data and then during the day. These values, however, can easily be conveted to root mean square error estimate of the rainfall rate: rms_err = { (Perr_daily/3) ^2 / Ncnt
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India Annual Winter Cropped Area, 2001-2016
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2022-01-17T05:29:43.000ZThe India Annual Winter Cropped Area, 2001 - 2016 consists of annual winter cropped areas for most of India (except the Northeastern states) from 2000-2001 to 2015-2016. This data set utilizes the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI; spatial resolution: 250m) for the winter growing season (October-March). The methodology uses an automated algorithm identifying the EVI peak in each pixel for each year and linearly scales the EVI value between 0% and 100% cropped area within that particular pixel. Maps were then resampled to 1 km and were validated using high-resolution QuickBird, RapidEye, SkySat, and WorldView-2 images spanning 2008 to 2016 across 11 different agricultural regions of India. The spatial resolution of the data set is 1 km, resampled from 250m. The data are distributed as GeoTIFF and NetCDF files and are in WGS 84 projection.
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NEW HORIZONS SDC JUPITER ENCOUNTER CALIBRATED V4.0
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2023-01-26T20:41:44.000ZThis data set contains Calibrated data taken by the New Horizons Student Dust Counter instrument during the Jupiter encounter mission phase. This is VERSION 4.0 of this data set. For the Jupiter encounter mission phase, SDC collected no science data during the Jupiter flyby, as the requisite spacecraft configuration prevented SDC from operating. There were some very sparse data taken from December, 2006 through April, 2007, and some of very short (or zero) duration after the Jupiter flyby from April, 2007 through June, 2007. The changes in Version 4.0 were re-running of the ancillary data in the data product, updated geometry from newer SPICE kernels, minor editing of the documentation, catalogs, etc., and resolution of liens from the December, 2014 review, plus those from the May, 2016 review of the Pluto Encounter data sets. No new observations were added with Version 4.0.
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MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) Measurements Taken Onboard the NASA ER-2 During the TOGA COARE Intensive Observing Period.
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2022-01-17T05:38:03.000ZThe MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) Measurements, taken onboard the NASA ER-2 during the TOGA COARE Intensive Observing Period, are available upon request from NASA LAADS. Browse products are available at https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/mas/. The ER-2 navigation data are available from the same site in sub directory nasa_er2/nav. Browse imagery of the data may be viewed from the MAS Homepage at: https://mas.arc.nasa.gov/data/deploy_html/toga_home.html. MAS Level 1B data are available on 8500 density 8mm tape from TOGA COARE User Services at the Goddard DAAC. Each tape contains all the flight lines for one MAS flight (one day). The number of flight lines varies, but is generally between 10 and 20. The volume of data varies, but is generally 1 to 3 gigabytes per flight. Detailed instructions for reading MAS tapes is contained in MAS_Usr_Guide.ps. To obtain the data on tape, contact the DAAC User Services Office. For help with NASA TOGA COARE data residing at the GSFC DAAC, contact Pat Hrubiak at hrubiak@daac.gsfc.nasa.gov. BACK GROUND: TOGA COARE was a multidisciplinary, international research effort that investigated the scientific phenomena associated with the interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean in the warm pool region of the western Pacific. The field experiment phase of the program took place from 1 November 1992 through 28 February 1993 and involved the deployment of oceanographic ships and buoys, several ship and land based Doppler radars, multiple low and high level aircraft equipped with Doppler radar and other airborne sensors, as well as a variety of surface based instruments for in situ observations. The NASA component of TOGA COARE, while contributing directly to over all COARE objectives, emphasized scientific objectives associated with the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and NASA's cloud and radiation program. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION: The NASA ER-2 is a high altitude, single pilot aircraft based at Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, and deployed globally in support of a variety of atmospheric research projects. It has a maximum altitude of 70,000 feet (21 km), a range of 3000 nautical miles, a maximum flight duration of 8 hours (nominal 6.5 hours) and a top speed of 410 knots true air speed. The aircraft accommodates about 2700 pounds (1200 kg) of payload. For the TOGA COARE campaign, the ER-2 payload consisted of a variety of radiometers, a lidar, a conductivity probe and a camera. FLIGHT INFORMATION: The following table relates MAS data files to ER-2 and DC-8 flight numbers and to the UTC dates for the 13 mission flights of the NASA/TOGA COARE campaign and 2 additional flights of the ER-2 on which MAS data was acquired. The objectives (Obj) column is included for the convenience of the user; the mission objective defaulted to radiation (Rad) unless convection (Con) was forecast in the target area. Date (UTC) ER-2 Flight DC-8 Flight MAS TapeID Obj-Jan 11-12 93-053 93-01-06 93-053 RadJan 17-18 93-054 93-01-07 93-054 Con Jan 18-19 93-055 93-01-08 93-055 Con Jan 25-26 93-056 93-01-09 93-056 RadJan 28-29 93-057 93-057 Jan 31-Feb 1 93-058 93-01-10 93-058 Rad Feb 2 93-059 93-059 Feb 4 93-060 93-01-11 93-060 Con Feb 6 93-01-12 Con Feb 7 93-061 93-061 Feb 8-9 93-062 93-01-13 93-062 Con Feb 10-11 93-063 93-01-14 93-063 Con Feb 17-18 93-01-15 93-064 Con Feb 19-20 93-064 93-064 Feb 20-21 93-065 93-01-16 93-065 Con Feb 22-23 93-066 93-01-17 Con Feb 23-24 93-067 93-01-18 Rad. INSTRUMENT INFORMATION: The MODIS Airborne Simulator is a visible/infrared imaging radiometer that was mounted, for this campaign, in the right aft wing pod of the ER-2 aircraft. Through cross track scanning to the aircraft direction of flight, the MAS instrument builds a continuous sequence image of the atmosphere surface features under the aircraft. Wavelength channels of the instrument are selected for specific cloud and surface remote sensing applications. Also the channels are th
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NEW HORIZONS SDC PLUTO CRUISE CALIBRATED V2.0
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2023-01-26T20:25:34.000ZThis data set contains Calibrated data taken by the New Horizons Student Dust Counter instrument during the pluto cruise mission phase. This is VERSION 2.0 of this data set. SDC collected science data intermittently during the hibernation years following the Jupiter encounter, designated as the PLUTOCRUISE phase. There were also Annual Checkouts (ACOs), STIM calibrations, Noise calibrations, and an anomaly in November, 2007. SDC's main science data collection periods were during hibernation. During ACOs, science data are taken intermittently but the user must be careful in analyzing these data since there is usually more activity on the spacecraft during hibernation. STIM and Noise refer to scheduled calibrations and are done with a regular cadence of one per year after the Jupiter encounter; they occurred sporadically in the early years of the mission. Note that some SDC data files have the same stop and start time and a zero exposure time. The reason for this is that the start and stop time for SDC data files are the event times for the first and last events in the files, so for files that contain a single event, these two values are the same. The changes in Version 2.0 were re-running of the ancillary data in the data product, updated geometry from newer SPICE kernels, minor editing of the documentation, catalogs, etc., and resolution of liens from the December, 2014 review, plus those from the May, 2016 review of the Pluto Encounter data sets. New observations added with this version (V2.0) include ongoing cruise observations from August, 2014 through January, 2015.
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2008 Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2022-01-17T05:02:20.000ZThe 2008 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) centers on two broad environmental protection objectives: (1) reducing environmental stresses on human health, and (2) promoting ecosystem vitality and sound natural resource management. Derived from a careful review of the environmental literature, these twin goals mirror the priorities expressed by policymakers. Environmental health and ecosystem vitality are gauged using 25 indicators tracked in six well-established policy categories: Environmental Health (Environmental Burden of Disease, Water, and Air Pollution), Air Pollution (effects on ecosystems), Water (effects on ecosystems), Biodiversity and Habitat, Productive Natural Resources (Forestry, Fisheries, and Agriculture), and Climate Change. The 2008 EPI utilizes a proximity-to-target methodology in which performance on each indicator is rated on a 0 to 100 scale (100 represents �at target�). By identifying specific targets and measuring how close each country comes to them, the EPI provides a foundation for policy analysis and a context for evaluating performance. Issue-by-issue and aggregate rankings facilitate cross-country comparisons both globally and within relevant peer groups. The 2008 EPI is the result of collaboration among the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy (YCELP), Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), World Economic Forum (WEF), and the Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission.
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GPM Ground Validation SEA FLUX ICE POP V1
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2022-06-07T06:12:15.000ZThe GPM Ground Validation SEA FLUX ICE POP dataset includes estimates of ocean surface latent and sensible heat fluxes, 10m wind speed, 10m air temperature, 10m air humidity, and skin sea surface temperature in support of the International Collaborative Experiments for Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (ICE-POP) field campaign in South Korea. The two major objectives of ICE-POP were to study severe winter weather events in regions of complex terrain and improve the short-term forecasting of such events. These data contributed to the Global Precipitation Measurement mission Ground Validation (GPM GV) campaign efforts to improve satellite estimates of orographic winter precipitation. This data file is available in netCDF-4 format from September 1, 2017 through April 30, 2018.
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NEW HORIZONS SDC PLUTO ENCOUNTER RAW V3.0
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2023-01-26T20:43:40.000ZThis data set contains Raw data taken by the New Horizons Student Dust Counter instrument during the Pluto encounter mission phase. This is VERSION 3.0 of this data set. This data set contains SDC observations taken during the the Approach (Jan-Jul, 2015), Encounter, Departure, and Transition mission sub-phases, including flyby observations taken on 14 July, 2015, and departure and calibration data through late October, 2016. This data set completes the Pluto mission phase deliveries for SDC. This is version 3.0 of this data set. Changes since version 2.0 include the final batch of Pluto mission phase data, downlinked between the end of January, 2016 and late in October, 2016, including a Stim calibration in July. Also, updates were made to the documentation and catalog files, primarily to implement suggestions from the V2.0 peer review. A new table of SDC Ram (velocity) ancillary data has been provided, and the SDC on/off and Stim tables have been extended in time to cover the new data.
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CORONA Satellite Photographs from the U.S. Geological Survey
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2022-01-17T05:16:00.000ZThe first generation of U.S. photo intelligence satellites collected more than 860,000 images of the Earth’s surface between 1960 and 1972. The classified military satellite systems code-named CORONA, ARGON, and LANYARD acquired photographic images from space and returned the film to Earth for processing and analysis. The images were originally used for reconnaissance and to produce maps for U.S. intelligence agencies. In 1992, an Environmental Task Force evaluated the application of early satellite data for environmental studies. Since the CORONA, ARGON, and LANYARD data were no longer critical to national security and could be of historical value for global change research, the images were declassified by Executive Order 12951 in 1995. The first successful CORONA mission was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in 1960. The satellite acquired photographs with a telescopic camera system and loaded the exposed film into recovery capsules. The capsules or buckets were de-orbited and retrieved by aircraft while the capsules parachuted to earth. The exposed film was developed and the images were analyzed for a range of military applications. The intelligence community used Keyhole (KH) designators to describe system characteristics and accomplishments. The CORONA systems were designated KH-1, KH-2, KH-3, KH-4, KH-4A, and KH-4B. The ARGON systems used the designator KH-5 and the LANYARD systems used KH-6. Mission numbers were a means for indexing the imagery and associated collateral data. A variety of camera systems were used with the satellites. Early systems (KH-1, KH-2, KH-3, and KH-6) carried a single panoramic camera or a single frame camera (KH-5). The later systems (KH-4, KH-4A, and KH-4B) carried two panoramic cameras with a separation angle of 30° with one camera looking forward and the other looking aft. The original film and technical mission-related documents are maintained by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Duplicate film sources held in the USGS EROS Center archive are used to produce digital copies of the imagery. Mathematical calculations based on camera operation and satellite path were used to approximate image coordinates. Since the accuracy of the coordinates varies according to the precision of information used for the derivation, users should inspect the preview image to verify that the area of interest is contained in the selected frame. Users should also note that the images have not been georeferenced.