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NEW HORIZONS SDC JUPITER ENCOUNTER CALIBRATED V4.0
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2023-01-26T20:41:44.000ZThis data set contains Calibrated data taken by the New Horizons Student Dust Counter instrument during the Jupiter encounter mission phase. This is VERSION 4.0 of this data set. For the Jupiter encounter mission phase, SDC collected no science data during the Jupiter flyby, as the requisite spacecraft configuration prevented SDC from operating. There were some very sparse data taken from December, 2006 through April, 2007, and some of very short (or zero) duration after the Jupiter flyby from April, 2007 through June, 2007. The changes in Version 4.0 were re-running of the ancillary data in the data product, updated geometry from newer SPICE kernels, minor editing of the documentation, catalogs, etc., and resolution of liens from the December, 2014 review, plus those from the May, 2016 review of the Pluto Encounter data sets. No new observations were added with Version 4.0.
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NEW HORIZONS SDC PLUTO CRUISE RAW V2.0
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2023-01-26T20:54:05.000ZThis data set contains Raw data taken by the New Horizons Student Dust Counter instrument during the pluto cruise mission phase. This is VERSION 2.0 of this data set. SDC collected science data intermittently during the hibernation years following the Jupiter encounter, designated as the PLUTOCRUISE phase. There were also Annual Checkouts (ACOs), STIM calibrations, Noise calibrations, and an anomaly in November, 2007. SDC's main science data collection periods were during hibernation. During ACOs, science data are taken intermittently but the user must be careful in analyzing these data since there is usually more activity on the spacecraft during hibernation. STIM and Noise refer to scheduled calibrations and are done with a regular cadence of one per year after the Jupiter encounter; they occurred sporadically in the early years of the mission. Note that some SDC data files have the same stop and start time and a zero exposure time. The reason for this is that the start and stop time for SDC data files are the event times for the first and last events in the files, so for files that contain a single event, these two values are the same. The changes in Version 2.0 were re-running of the ancillary data in the data product, updated geometry from newer SPICE kernels, minor editing of the documentation, catalogs, etc., and resolution of liens from the December, 2014 review, plus those from the May, 2016 review of the Pluto Encounter data sets. New observations added with this version (V2.0) include ongoing cruise observations from August, 2014 through January, 2015.
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Nano Dust Analyzer Project
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2020-01-29T04:54:41.000Z<p> We propose to develop a new highly sensitive instrument to confirm the existence of the so-called nano-dust particles, characterize their impact parameters, and measure their chemical composition. Simultaneous theoretical studies will be used to derive the expected&nbsp; mass and velocity ranges of these putative particles to formulate science and measurement requirements for the future deployment of&nbsp; the proposed Nano-Dust Analyzer (NDA)&nbsp;</p> <p> Early dust instruments onboard Pioneer 8 and 9 and Helios spacecraft detected a flow of submicron sized dust particles coming from the direction of the Sun. These particles originate in the inner solar system from mutual collisions among meteoroids and move on&nbsp; hyperbolic orbits that leave the Solar System under the prevailing radiation pressure force. Later dust instruments with higher&nbsp; sensitivity had to avoid looking toward the Sun because of interference from the solar wind and UV radiation and thus contributed&nbsp; little to the characterization of the dust stream. The one exception is the Ulysses dust detector that observed escaping dust particles&nbsp; high above the solar poles, which confirm the suspicion that charged nanometer sized dust grains are carried to high heliographic&nbsp; latitudes by electromagnetic interactions with the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). Recently, the STEREO WAVES instruments&nbsp; recorded a large number of intense electric field signals, which were interpreted as impacts from nanometer sized particles striking the&nbsp; spacecraft with velocities of about the solar wind speed. This high flux and strong spatial and/or temporal variations of nanometer&nbsp; sized dust grains at low latitude appears to be uncorrelated with the solar wind properties. This is a mystery as it would require that&nbsp; the total collisional meteoroid debris inside 1 AU is cast in nanometer sized fragments. The observed fluxes of inner-source pickup ions&nbsp; also point to the existence of a much enhanced dust population in the nanometer size range.&nbsp;</p> <p> This new heliospherical phenomenon of nano-dust streams may have consequences throughout the planetary system, but as of yet no dust instrument exists that could be used to shed light on their properties. &nbsp;We propose to develop a dust analyzer capable to detect and&nbsp; analyze these mysterious dust particles coming from the solar direction and to embark upon complementary theoretical studies to&nbsp; understand their characteristics. The instrument is based on the Cassini Dust Analyzer (CDA) that has analyzed the composition of&nbsp; nanometer sized dust particles emanating from the Jovian and Saturnian systems but could not be pointed towards the Sun. By&nbsp; applying technologies implemented in solar wind instruments and coronagraphs a highly sensitive dust analyzer will be developed and&nbsp; tested in the laboratory. The dust analyzer shall be able to characterize impact properties (impact charge and energy distribution of&nbsp; ions from which mass and speed of the impacting grains may be derived) and chemical composition of individual nanometer sized&nbsp; particles while exposed to solar wind and UV radiation. The measurements will enable us to identify the source of the dust by&nbsp; comparing their elemental composition with that of larger micrometeoroid particles of cometary and asteroid origin and will reveal&nbsp; interaction of nano-dust with the interplanetary medium by investigating the relation of the dust flux with solar wind and IMF&nbsp; properties.&nbsp;</p> <p> Complementary theoretically studies will be performed to understand the characteristics of nano-dust particles at 1 AU to answer the&nbsp; following questions:&nbsp; - What is the speed range at which nanometer sized particles impact
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Metrics for Evaluating Performance of Prognostic Techniques
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2020-01-29T03:23:28.000ZPrognostics is an emerging concept in condition basedmaintenance(CBM)ofcriticalsystems.Alongwith developing the fundamentals of being able to confidently predict Remaining Useful Life (RUL), the technology calls for fielded applications as it inches towards maturation. This requires a stringent performance evaluation so that the significance of the concept can be fully exploited. Currently, prognostics concepts lack standard definitions and suffer from ambiguous and inconsistent interpretations. This lack of standards is in part due to the varied end-user requirements for different applications, time scales, available information, domain dynamics, etc. to name a few issues. Instead, the research community has used a variety of metrics based largely on convenience with respect to their respective requirements. Very little attention has been focused on establishing a common ground to compare different efforts. This paper surveys the metrics that are already used for prognostics in a variety of domains including medicine, nuclear, automotive, aerospace, and electronics. It also considers other domains that involve prediction-related tasks, such as weather and finance. Differences and similarities between these domains and health maintenancehave been analyzed to help understand what performance evaluation methods may or may not be borrowed. Further, these metrics have been categorized in several ways that may be useful in deciding upon a suitable subset for a specific application. Some important prognostic concepts have been defined using a notational framework that enables interpretation of different metrics coherently. Last, but not the least, a list of metrics has been suggested to assess critical aspects of RUL predictions before they are fielded in real applications.
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Global gene expression analysis highlights microgravity sensitive key genes in soleus and EDL of 30 days space flown mice
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2023-01-26T18:49:58.000ZMicrogravity exposure as well as chronic muscle disuse are two of the main causes of physiological adaptive skeletal muscle atrophy in humans and murine animals in physiological condition. The aim of this study was to investigate at both morphological and global gene expression level skeletal muscle adaptation to microgravity in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Adult male mice C57BL/N6 were flown aboard the BION-M1 biosatellite for 30 days on orbit (BF) or housed in a replicate flight habitat on Earth (BG) as reference flight control. In this study we investigated for the first time gene expression adaptation to 30 days of microgravity exposure in mouse soleus and EDL highlighting potential new targets for improvement of countermeasures able to ameliorate or even prevent microgravity-induced atrophy in future spaceflights. Overall Design: C57BL/N6 mice were randomly divided in 3 groups: Bion Flown (BF) mice flown aboard the Bion M1 biosatellite in microgravity environment for 30 days; Bion Ground (BG) mice housed in the same habitat of flown animals but exposed to earth gravity; and Flight Control (FC) mice housed in a standard animal facility.
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Metrics for Offline Evaluation of Prognostic Performance
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2020-01-29T01:57:42.000ZPrognostic performance evaluation has gained significant attention in the past few years.*Currently, prognostics concepts lack standard definitions and suffer from ambiguous and inconsistent interpretations. This lack of standards is in part due to the varied end- user requirements for different applications, time scales, available information, domain dynamics, etc. to name a few. The research community has used a variety of metrics largely based on convenience and their respective requirements. Very little attention has been focused on establishing a standardized approach to compare different efforts. This paper presents several new evaluation metrics tailored for prognostics that were recently introduced and were shown to effectively evaluate various algorithms as compared to other conventional metrics. Specifically, this paper presents a detailed discussion on how these metrics should be interpreted and used. These metrics have the capability of incorporating probabilistic uncertainty estimates from prognostic algorithms. In addition to quantitative assessment they also offer a comprehensive visual perspective that can be used in designing the prognostic system. Several methods are suggested to customize these metrics for different applications. Guidelines are provided to help choose one method over another based on distribution characteristics. Various issues faced by prognostics and its performance evaluation are discussed followed by a formal notational framework to help standardize subsequent developments.
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ORACLES Navigational and Meteorological Data
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2022-08-22T13:04:33.000ZORACLES_MetNav_AircraftInSitu_Data are in situ meteorological and navigational measurements collected onboard the P-3 Orion or ER-2 aircraft during the ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) campaign. These measurements were collected from August 19, 2016 – October 27, 2016, August 1, 2017 – September 4, 2017 and September 21, 2018 – October 27, 2018. ORACLES provides multi-year airborne observations over the complete vertical column of key parameters that drive aerosol-cloud interactions in the southeast Atlantic, an area with some of the largest inter-model differences in aerosol forcing assessments on the planet. The P-3 Orion aircraft was utilized as a low-flying platform for simultaneous in situ and remote sensing measurements of aerosols and clouds and was supplemented by ER-2 remote sensing during the 2016 campaign. Data collection for this product is complete. Southern Africa produces almost one-third of the Earth’s biomass burning aerosol particles. The ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) experiment was a five year investigation with three intensive observation periods (August 19, 2016 – October 27, 2016; August 1, 2017 – September 4, 2017; September 21, 2018 – October 27, 2018) and was designed to study key processes that determine the climate impacts of African biomass burning aerosols. ORACLES provided multi-year airborne observations over the complete vertical column of the key parameters that drive aerosol-cloud interactions in the southeast Atlantic, an area with some of the largest inter-model differences in aerosol forcing assessments. These inter-model differences in aerosol and cloud distributions, as well as their combined climatic effects in the SE Atlantic are partly due to the persistence of aerosols above clouds. The varying separation of cloud and aerosol layers sampled during ORACLES allow for a process-oriented understanding of how variations in radiative heating profiles impact cloud properties, which is expected to improve model simulations for other remote regions experience long-range aerosol transport above clouds. ORACLES utilized two NASA aircraft, the P-3 and ER-2. The P-3 was used as a low-flying platform for simultaneous in situ and remote sensing measurements of aerosols and clouds in all three campaigns, supplemented by ER-2 remote sensing in 2016. ER-2 observations will be used to enhance satellite-based remote sensing by resolving variability within a particular scene, and by guiding the development of new and improved remote sensing techniques.
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NEW HORIZONS SDC PLUTO ENCOUNTER RAW V3.0
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2023-01-26T20:43:40.000ZThis data set contains Raw data taken by the New Horizons Student Dust Counter instrument during the Pluto encounter mission phase. This is VERSION 3.0 of this data set. This data set contains SDC observations taken during the the Approach (Jan-Jul, 2015), Encounter, Departure, and Transition mission sub-phases, including flyby observations taken on 14 July, 2015, and departure and calibration data through late October, 2016. This data set completes the Pluto mission phase deliveries for SDC. This is version 3.0 of this data set. Changes since version 2.0 include the final batch of Pluto mission phase data, downlinked between the end of January, 2016 and late in October, 2016, including a Stim calibration in July. Also, updates were made to the documentation and catalog files, primarily to implement suggestions from the V2.0 peer review. A new table of SDC Ram (velocity) ancillary data has been provided, and the SDC on/off and Stim tables have been extended in time to cover the new data.
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NEW HORIZONS SDC PLUTO CRUISE CALIBRATED V2.0
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2023-01-26T20:25:34.000ZThis data set contains Calibrated data taken by the New Horizons Student Dust Counter instrument during the pluto cruise mission phase. This is VERSION 2.0 of this data set. SDC collected science data intermittently during the hibernation years following the Jupiter encounter, designated as the PLUTOCRUISE phase. There were also Annual Checkouts (ACOs), STIM calibrations, Noise calibrations, and an anomaly in November, 2007. SDC's main science data collection periods were during hibernation. During ACOs, science data are taken intermittently but the user must be careful in analyzing these data since there is usually more activity on the spacecraft during hibernation. STIM and Noise refer to scheduled calibrations and are done with a regular cadence of one per year after the Jupiter encounter; they occurred sporadically in the early years of the mission. Note that some SDC data files have the same stop and start time and a zero exposure time. The reason for this is that the start and stop time for SDC data files are the event times for the first and last events in the files, so for files that contain a single event, these two values are the same. The changes in Version 2.0 were re-running of the ancillary data in the data product, updated geometry from newer SPICE kernels, minor editing of the documentation, catalogs, etc., and resolution of liens from the December, 2014 review, plus those from the May, 2016 review of the Pluto Encounter data sets. New observations added with this version (V2.0) include ongoing cruise observations from August, 2014 through January, 2015.
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ORACLES Aerosol Aircraft InSitu Data
data.nasa.gov | Last Updated 2022-04-25T13:03:42.000ZORACLES_Aerosol_AircraftInSitu_Data are in situ aerosol measurements collected onboard the P-3 Orion or ER-2 aircraft during the ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) campaign. These measurements were collected from August 19, 2016 – October 27, 2016, August 1, 2017 – September 4, 2017 and September 21, 2018 – October 27, 2018. ORACLES provides multi-year airborne observations over the complete vertical column of key parameters that drive aerosol-cloud interactions in the southeast Atlantic, an area with some of the largest inter-model differences in aerosol forcing assessments on the planet. The P-3 Orion aircraft was utilized as a low-flying platform for simultaneous in situ and remote sensing measurements of aerosols and clouds and was supplemented by ER-2 remote sensing during the 2016 campaign. Data collection for this product is complete. Southern Africa produces almost one-third of the Earth’s biomass burning aerosol particles. The ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) experiment was a five year investigation with three intensive observation periods (August 19, 2016 – October 27, 2016; August 1, 2017 – September 4, 2017; September 21, 2018 – October 27, 2018) and was designed to study key processes that determine the climate impacts of African biomass burning aerosols. ORACLES provided multi-year airborne observations over the complete vertical column of the key parameters that drive aerosol-cloud interactions in the southeast Atlantic, an area with some of the largest inter-model differences in aerosol forcing assessments. These inter-model differences in aerosol and cloud distributions, as well as their combined climatic effects in the SE Atlantic are partly due to the persistence of aerosols above clouds. The varying separation of cloud and aerosol layers sampled during ORACLES allow for a process-oriented understanding of how variations in radiative heating profiles impact cloud properties, which is expected to improve model simulations for other remote regions experience long-range aerosol transport above clouds. ORACLES utilized two NASA aircraft, the P-3 and ER-2. The P-3 was used as a low-flying platform for simultaneous in situ and remote sensing measurements of aerosols and clouds in all three campaigns, supplemented by ER-2 remote sensing in 2016. ER-2 observations will be used to enhance satellite-based remote sensing by resolving variability within a particular scene, and by guiding the development of new and improved remote sensing techniques.