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Pyramid Comet Sampler Project
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T05:34:48.000ZBased on the sampling requirements, we propose an Inverted Pyramid sampling system. Each face of the pyramid includes a cutting blade which is independently actuated by redundant pyrotechnic actuators. Such sampler shape has a number of advantages. The pyramidal V shape acts as an arrow piercing into the comet surface at a steep angle. The 4 opposing blades offset tangential forces, meaning that only vertical forces would need to be reacted during impact. These forces could be minimized by making the pyramid height low (and in turn the pyramid would be more flat). In the latest Decadal Survey, the committee recommended selecting a Comet Surface Sample Return mission as one of the five New Frontiers 4 (NF4) missions, solidifying the importance of studying returned physical samples from a comet. Lunar South Pole-Aitken Basin Sample Return could also benefit from the development of this sampling approach.
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BUV/Nimbus-04 Ozone (O3) Profile and Total Column Ozone Monthly L3 Global 5.0deg Lat Zones V1
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T05:06:00.000ZThe Solar Backscattered Ultra Violet (SBUV) from Nimbus-4 Level-3 monthly zonal mean (MZM) product (BUVN04L3zm) is derived from the Level-2 retrieved ozone profiles. Ozone retrievals are generated from the v8.6 SBUV algorithm. A Level-3 MZM file computes zonal means covering 5 degree latitude bands for each calendar month. For this product there are 72 months of data from May 1970 through April 1976. There are a total of 36 latitudinal bands, 18 in each hemisphere. Profile data are provided at 21 layers from 1013.25, 639.318, 403.382,254.517, 160.589, 101.325,63.9317, 40.3382, 25.4517, 16.0589, 10.1325, 6.39317,4.03382, 2.54517, 1.60589, 1.01325,0.639317, 0.403382, 0.254517, 0.160589 and 0.101325 hPa (measured at bottom of layer). NOTE: Some profiles have 20 layers and do not report the top most layer. Mixing ratios are reported at 15 layers from 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0 and 50.0 hPa (measured at middle of layer). The MZM product averages retrievals that meet the criteria for a good retrieval as determined by error flags in the Level 2 data. A good retrieval is defined as satisfying the following conditions: 1) Profile Error Flag = 0 or 1 (0 = good retrieval; 1 = solar zenith angle > 84 deg.) 2) Total Error Flags = 0, 1, 2 or 5 (0 = good retrieval; 1 = not used; 2 = solar zenith angle > 84 deg; large discrepancy between profile total and best total ozone) NOTE - Total error flag = 5 is anomalously applied at high latitudes and high solar zenith angle where B-Pair total ozone estimate is not as reliable as profile under these conditions. This error flag may be removed in future version of algorithm. The zonal means computed for each month are screened according to the following statistical criteria: 1) number of good retrievals for the month greater than or equal to 2/3 of the samples for a nominal month. 2) mean latitude of good retrievals less than or equal to 1 degree from center of latitude band. 3) mean time of good retrievals less than or equal to 4 days from center of month (i.e., day = 15)
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BUV/Nimbus-04 Ozone (O3) Profile and Total Column Ozone Monthly L3 Global 5.0deg Lat Zones V1
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T05:06:01.000ZThe Solar Backscattered Ultra Violet (SBUV) from Nimbus-4 Level-3 monthly zonal mean (MZM) product (BUVN04L3zm) is derived from the Level-2 retrieved ozone profiles. Ozone retrievals are generated from the v8.6 SBUV algorithm. A Level-3 MZM file computes zonal means covering 5 degree latitude bands for each calendar month. For this product there are 72 months of data from May 1970 through April 1976. There are a total of 36 latitudinal bands, 18 in each hemisphere. Profile data are provided at 21 layers from 1013.25, 639.318, 403.382,254.517, 160.589, 101.325,63.9317, 40.3382, 25.4517, 16.0589, 10.1325, 6.39317,4.03382, 2.54517, 1.60589, 1.01325,0.639317, 0.403382, 0.254517, 0.160589 and 0.101325 hPa (measured at bottom of layer). NOTE: Some profiles have 20 layers and do not report the top most layer. Mixing ratios are reported at 15 layers from 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0 and 50.0 hPa (measured at middle of layer). The MZM product averages retrievals that meet the criteria for a good retrieval as determined by error flags in the Level 2 data. A good retrieval is defined as satisfying the following conditions: 1) Profile Error Flag = 0 or 1 (0 = good retrieval; 1 = solar zenith angle > 84 deg.) 2) Total Error Flags = 0, 1, 2 or 5 (0 = good retrieval; 1 = not used; 2 = solar zenith angle > 84 deg; large discrepancy between profile total and best total ozone) NOTE - Total error flag = 5 is anomalously applied at high latitudes and high solar zenith angle where B-Pair total ozone estimate is not as reliable as profile under these conditions. This error flag may be removed in future version of algorithm. The zonal means computed for each month are screened according to the following statistical criteria: 1) number of good retrievals for the month greater than or equal to 2/3 of the samples for a nominal month. 2) mean latitude of good retrievals less than or equal to 1 degree from center of latitude band. 3) mean time of good retrievals less than or equal to 4 days from center of month (i.e., day = 15)
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Gridded Population of the World, Version 2 (GPWv2)
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-19T08:03:40.000ZGridded Population of the World, Version 2 (GPWv2) consists of estimates of human population for the years 1995 and 1990 by 2.5 arc-minute grid cells. The data products are population counts (raw counts), population densities (per square km), and land area (actual area net of ice and water), all of which are available in two GIS-compatible data formats at the global, continent (Antarctica not included), and country levels. A proportional allocation gridding algorithm, utilizing 127,105 national and sub-national administrative units, is used to assign population values to grid cells. Advantages to GPWv2 include higher quality data from the U.S., Africa, Australia, Canada, Europe, Russia, New Zealand, and India; 8 times the number of administrative units; national population estimates that have been adjusted to match the United Nations national estimated population for each country; a proportional allocation algorithm that reduces error with multiple input polygons; and higher spatial resolution. GPWv2 is produced by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) in collaboration with the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the World Resources Institute (WRI). (Suggested Usage: To serve a wide user community by providing the latest data on human population distribution that can be used in interdisciplinary studies of the environment.)
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OMI/Aura Ozone (O3) Profile 1-Orbit L2 Swath 13x48km V003
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T04:53:30.000ZThe OMI/Aura Level-2 Ozone Profile data product OMO3PR (Version 003) is now available ( http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/OMI/omo3pr_v003.shtml ) from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) for the public access. OMI Level-2 ozone profile product, OMO3PR at the pixel resolution 13x 48 km (at nadir), is based on the optimal estimation algorithm (Rodgers, 2000) with climatological ozone profiles as a-priori information. The OMO3PR retrieval algorithm uses spectral radiance values from the UV1 channel (270 nm to 308.5 nm) and from the first part of the UV2 channel (311.5 nm to 33 0 nm). OMO3PR product provides ozone values (in Dobson unit) for 18 atmospheric layers. It also provides a-priori ozone profile values, error covariance matrix, averaging kernel and some ancillary information such as time, latitude, longitude, solar zenith and viewing zenith angles and quality flags . (The short name for this Level-2 OMI ozone profile product is OMO3PR) The lead scientist for this product is Dr. Johan de Haan (johan.de.haan@knmi.nl). OMO3PR product files are stored in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS5 ). Each file contains data from the day lit portion of an orbit (approx 53 minutes). There are approximately 14 orbits per day thus the total data volume is approximately 150 GB/day. A list of tools for browsing and extracting data from these files can be found at: http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/tools.shtml A 'Readme' document containing brief algorithm description and known data quality related issues and file spec are provided by the OMO3PR algorithm lead (see http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/OMI/omo3pr_v003.shtml ).
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Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3): Population Density Grid
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T04:36:45.000ZGridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3) consists of estimates of human population for the years 1990, 1995, and 2000 by 2.5 arc-minute grid cells and associated datasets dated circa 2000. A proportional allocation gridding algorithm, utilizing more than 300,000 national and sub-national administrative units, is used to assign population values to grid cells. The population density grids are derived by dividing the population count grids by the land area grid and represent persons per square kilometer. The grids are available in various GIS-compatible data formats and geographic extents (global, continent [Antarctica not included], and country levels). GPWv3 is produced by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) in collaboration with Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT).
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Gridded Population of the World, Version 2 (GPWv2)
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-19T08:03:41.000ZGridded Population of the World, Version 2 (GPWv2) consists of estimates of human population for the years 1995 and 1990 by 2.5 arc-minute grid cells. The data products are population counts (raw counts), population densities (per square km), and land area (actual area net of ice and water), all of which are available in two GIS-compatible data formats at the global, continent (Antarctica not included), and country levels. A proportional allocation gridding algorithm, utilizing 127,105 national and sub-national administrative units, is used to assign population values to grid cells. Advantages to GPWv2 include higher quality data from the U.S., Africa, Australia, Canada, Europe, Russia, New Zealand, and India; 8 times the number of administrative units; national population estimates that have been adjusted to match the United Nations national estimated population for each country; a proportional allocation algorithm that reduces error with multiple input polygons; and higher spatial resolution. GPWv2 is produced by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) in collaboration with the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the World Resources Institute (WRI). (Suggested Usage: To serve a wide user community by providing the latest data on human population distribution that can be used in interdisciplinary studies of the environment.)
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Global 15 x 15 Minute Grids of the Downscaled Population Based on the SRES B2 Scenario, 1990 and 2025
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-19T07:57:32.000ZThe Global 15x15 Minute Grids of the Downscaled Population Based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) B2 Scenario, 1990 and 2025, are geospatial distributions of the downscaled population per unit area (population densities). These global grids were generated using the Country-level Population and Downscaled Projections Based on the SRES B2 Scenario, 1990-2100 dataset, and CIESIN's Gridded Population of World, Version 2 (GPWv2) dataset as the base map. The 1990 GPW was used as the base distribution and the country-level downscaled projections were used to replace population estimates of 1990 in GPW and 2025. The fractional distribution of the population at each grid cell is the same as the 1990 GPW, sub-nationally. This dataset is produced and distributed by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
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SBUV2/NOAA-18 Ozone (O3) Profile and Total Column Ozone Monthly L3 Global 5.0deg Lat Zones V1
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-19T08:44:52.000ZThe Solar Backscattered Ultra Violet (SBUV) from NOAA-18 Level-3 monthly zonal mean (MZM) product (SBUV2N18L3zm) is derived from the Level-2 retrieved ozone profiles. Ozone retrievals are generated from the v8.6 SBUV algorithm. A Level-3 MZM file computes zonal means covering 5 degree latitude bands for each calendar month. For this product there are 78 months of data from July 2005 through December 2011. There are a total of 36 latitudinal bands, 18 in each hemisphere. Profile data are provided at 21 layers from 1013.25, 639.318, 403.382,254.517, 160.589, 101.325,63.9317, 40.3382, 25.4517, 16.0589, 10.1325, 6.39317,4.03382, 2.54517, 1.60589, 1.01325,0.639317, 0.403382, 0.254517, 0.160589 and 0.101325 hPa (measured at bottom of layer). NOTE: Some profiles have 20 layers and do not report the top most layer. Mixing ratios are reported at 15 layers from 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0 and 50.0 hPa (measured at middle of layer). The MZM product averages retrievals that meet the criteria for a good retrieval as determined by error flags in the Level 2 data. A good retrieval is defined as satisfying the following conditions: 1) Profile Error Flag = 0 or 1 (0 = good retrieval; 1 = solar zenith angle > 84 deg.) 2) Total Error Flags = 0, 1, 2 or 5 (0 = good retrieval; 1 = not used; 2 = solar zenith angle > 84 deg; large discrepancy between profile total and best total ozone) NOTE - Total error flag = 5 is anomalously applied at high latitudes and high solar zenith angle where B-Pair total ozone estimate is not as reliable as profile under these conditions. This error flag may be removed in future version of algorithm. The zonal means computed for each month are screened according to the following statistical criteria: 1) number of good retrievals for the month greater than or equal to 2/3 of the samples for a nominal month. 2) mean latitude of good retrievals less than or equal to 1 degree from center of latitude band. 3) mean time of good retrievals less than or equal to 4 days from center of month (i.e., day = 15)
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Population Exposure Estimates in Proximity to Nuclear Power Plants, Country-Level Aggregates
nasa-test-0.demo.socrata.com | Last Updated 2015-07-20T04:36:37.000ZThe Population Exposure Estimates in Proximity to Nuclear Power Plants, Country-Level Aggregates data set consists of country-level estimates of total, urban, and rural populations and land area, country-wide, that are in proximity to a nuclear power plant. This data set was created using a global data set of point locations of nuclear power plants, with buffer zones at 30km, 75km, 150km, 300km, 600km, and 1200km, and the Global Population Count Grid Time Series Estimates, Version 1 to estimate the population within each buffer zone for the years 1990, 2000, and 2010. Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project, Version 1 (GRUMPv1) Land and Geographic Unit Area Grids were used to estimate land area within each buffer zone. The GRUMPv1 Urban Extents Grid was used to further delineate population and land area estimates within urban and rural areas. All grids used for population, land area, and urban mask were of 1 km (30 arc-second) resolution.